Internet and its uses

A global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data,news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community. Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online offer access to some Internet services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP).

computer chips

Computer chips are a most important parts in which all the connections of the computer is available. computer chip is a small electronic circuit, also known as an integrated circuit, which is one of the basic components of most kinds of electronic devices, especially computers. Computer chips are small and are made of semiconductorss that is usually composed of silicon, on which several tiny components including transistors are embedded and used to transmit electronic data signals. They became popular nowadays because of their small size, low cost, high performance and ease to produce.There are several basic classifications of computer chips, including analog, digital and mixed signal varieties. These different classifications of computer chips determine how they transmit signals and handle power. Their size and efficiency are also dependent upon their classification, and the digital computer chip is the smallest, most efficient, most powerful and most widely used, transmitting data signals as a combination of ones and zeros.

Application of Computer

Computer is the most modern technologies of the world.It is a binding fact that the computers are very productive, efficient and make our personal and professional lives more rewarding. These 'magical' machines can do just about anything imaginable, moreover they really excel in certain areas. Below is the list of some of the principal applications of the computer systems:

1.For Business:

Businessmen make bar graphs and pie charts from tedious figures to convey information with far more impact than numbers alone can covey. Furthermore, computers help businesses to predict their future sales, profits, costs etc. making companies more accurate in their accounts. Computers may also play a vital role in aiding thousands of organistaions to make judgmental and hard-provoking decisions concerning financial problems and prospective trends.
2.For Buildings:

Architects use computer animated graphics to experiment with possible exteriors and to give clients a visual walk-through of their proposed buildings. The computers provide architects a numerous amount of facilities to create different buildings with greater accuracy, better designing and editing tools, and work done at the fastest speed possible. Finally, a new kind of artist has emerged, one who uses computers to express his or her creativity.
3.For Education:

Most good schools in the world have computers available for use in the classroom. It has been proved that learning with computers has been more successful and this is why numerous forms of new teaching methods have been introduced. This enhances the knowledge of the student.

iPod

The iPod is a portable media player designed and marketed by Apple and launched on October 23, 2001. The product line-up includes the hard drive-based iPod Classic, the touchscreen iPod Touch, the video-capable iPod Nano, and the compact iPod Shuffle. The iPhone can function as an iPod but is generally treated as a separate product. Former iPod models include the iPod Mini and the spin-off iPod Photo (since reintegrated into the main iPod Classic line). iPod Classic models store media on an internal hard drive, while all other models use flash memory to enable their smaller size (the discontinued Mini used a Microdrive miniature hard drive). As with many other digital music players, iPods can also serve as an external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2GB for the iPod Shuffle to 160GB for the iPod Classic.

Desktop computer

A desktop computer is a personal computer (PC) intended for regular use placed and fixed at a single location, Prior to the wide spread of microprocessors, a computer that could fit on a desk was considered remarkably small and is of muchmore importance. Desktop computers is of a wide ranging from large vertical tower cases to small form factor models that can be tucked behind an LCD monitor. "Desktop" can also indicate a horizontally-oriented computer case usually intended to have the display screen placed on top to save space on the desk top. Most modern desktop computers have separate screens and keyboards. Tower cases are desktop cases in the former sense, though not in the latter. Cases intended for home theater PC systems are usually considered to be desktop cases in both senses, regardless of orientation and placement.

Computer graphics

Computer graphics are graphics created using computers and, more useful for the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer.
The development of computer graphics has made computers easier to interact with, and better for understanding and interpreting many types of data. Developments in computer graphics have had a profound impact on many types of media and have revolutionized the animation and video game industry.

The term computer graphics describe " almost everything on Computers".The term computer graphics refers to several different things:
1.The representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
2.The various technologies used to create and manipulate images
the images so produced.

3.The sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.

Memory chips

A chip that holds programs and data either temporarily (RAM), permanently (ROM, PROM) or permanently until changed (EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory).

Memory types:

The following are the types of memory chips technologies used in electronic devices.

1.Rewritable - Byte Addressable (DRAM and SRAM)Dynamic RAM (DRAM) and static RAM (SRAM) chips are the "working storage" in every computer. DRAM is the main memory in a computer and SRAM is used for high-speed caches and buffers. Both types are "byte addressable," which means that data can be read and written one byte at a time. 2.Rewritable - Byte Addressable - Symmetric.EEPROM chips and F-RAM, are the memory technologies that offer the byte addressability of DRAM and SRAM, but are become the safe when the power is turned off. In addition, read and write speeds are equal or nearly the same.

3.Rewritable Flash - Block Writes - Asymmetric.Flash memory is the most widely used in both computers and consumer electronics (CE) devices. It takes longer to write than to read, and read and write speeds are asymmetric.

4.Rewritable When Removed (EPROM).EPROM chips are an external "programmer" device and must be removed from the circuit board andshould be placed back in the device for reprogramming.

5.Permanent (ROM and PROM).Data and instructions in ROM and PROM chips can never be changed. ROMs are manufactured, while PROMs are programmed in an external device like EPROMs.

DVD ROM

DVD ROM is the Digital Versatile Disk — Read Only Memory, or DVD-ROM, is a media storage disk that nearly resembles a CD or compact disk.The main difference With CD is that it can formatted highly.Small CD has the capacity of 650 megabytes.And the smallest DVD has the capacity to store 4.38 gigabytes(GB)So that it can be used most widely nowadays rather then A small capacity CD.A DVD-ROM encodes data in the form of a spiraling trail of pits and lands separated by mere nanometers. The trail starts at the center of the DVD-ROM and winds around countless times until it reaches the outer edge. In the case of a double layer disk, the trail continues on a second layer of material. If the disk is also double-sided, the trail of pits and lands extends to side two.